Thursday, October 24, 2019

Advance Practice Theory Paper

APA is defined as having advanced specialized clinical knowledge and skills through masters or doctoral education that prepares these people for specialization, expansion and advancement of practice. From the above definition specialization refers to ones concentration in one part of the field of nursing.On the other hand expansion refers to the acquisition of new practice knowledge and skills including knowledge and skills legitimizing the role autonomy within area of practice that overlap traditional boundaries of medial practice/.Advancement in this context involves experience and specialization that is characterized by the integration of theoretical research based and practical knowledge that occurs as part of graduates’ education in nursing. (Michaelene, 2006)The advanced practice nurses are currently being deployed to the rapidly challenging health care system. APN are employed in areas such as the community health government hospitals, nursing homes, clinics all over th e world.   APN functions as educators, consultants’ researchers, policy makers and outstanding clinicians in the areas. (pg 20)Advanced practice nursing in my own view is an exiting career of choice with many opportunities and challenges.   The rise in technological advancement has produced remarkable assistance in helping the health sector in easier diagnosis of diseases.The word APN designates four roles in the nursing world; the nurse anesthetics, nurse midwives, nurse practitioners and nurse specialists. (pg 25) In other descriptions it only refers to the broad category of nurse practitioner and nurse specialists.In this disruption, the clinical nurse specialists are registered nurses usually at the graduate level school.   They demonstrate excellence in a focused area of nursing practice and are the models for quality health care.   These practitioners are registered nurses who have achieved the level of education required for additional registration as nurse pra ctitioners with the association of nurses.Their skills are learned through graduate nursing education and substantial nursing practice experience.   These groups provide healthcare services from a holistic nursing perspective combined with a focus on the diagnoses and treatment of acute and chronic illness including prescribing medication. (Wales Nurses consultation paper, 2007)Nurses play an important role in the health sector through ensuring the welfare of patient is taken care off in the hospital. The beliefs and actions statement for advancement is important in the nursing community in realizing their personal potential.There are certain challenges that face the profession. Identification of such challenges would be an important step in facing the future within the profession.   The basic purpose of nursing is the well being and care of patients.This could mean different when analyzed in different contexts.   But regardless of the context this decisions and actions of the healthcare profession should always be based on an individual; need for halt promotion, cure or palliative case, support, advice or conform and involve the patient fully in determining what these needs may be and how they may be met.This paper provided the opportunity to examine barriers and shelters mode for advanced practice role enactment that will provide an appropriate framework for may advance practice nurse role.STATEMENT OF FUTURE PROFESSIOANL ROLEI would like to be a family nurse practitioner.  Ã‚   This is my effort in realizing and exploiting the potential in me. I clearly understand the nature of caring needed by the professional to my particular patents and my developing a unique relationship between my profession and my patent will portray the highest dignity is required.THEORETICAL ROLE FOR ADVANCED ROLE EANACTMENTAdvanced Nursing practice encompasses all the practices including; knowledge, their skills in practice education & research.   This is much different f rom the description in terms of performance of medial tasks.Skill acquisition theory also referred as the hermeneutic model has been referred by Benner & Wrubel to study expertise in clinical nursing practice.   Banner urges that experienced nurses often use the nurse-patient relationship and knowledge of a patients response patterns to make clinical judgments about patients care. (Michaelene, 2006)Benners definitions of clinical judgment particularly at the level of expertise practice, has been expanded to include both deliberate analytic thinking and non conscious holistic discrimination of patients clinical states.   In this model experts judgment include ethical decision making on what is good or right.This is achieved through extensive knowledge from practice, emotional engagement with patients and with one understanding of specific contents for care.In my Advanced Practicing Nursing (APN) the hermeneutic model describe what I would really expect to add in a profession.      Through use of common sense, understanding, skilled know how, similarity recognition and deliberative rationality is key assets that I intend to use to achieve the best skills to run the profession.To be able to recognize patents needs and after better health care I would use my intuition to analyze complex issues.   Intuition can be defined as the capacity to analyze complex data simultaneously discerning patterns and act of hypotheses without necessarily naming all the factors involved in their decision making.This will require my in-depth understanding of the complex experiential knowledge which I have accumulated in practice.   By combining this attributes and understanding the best patient-interaction method would enhance my effectiveness to offer effective care.My strong points on t he above theory are based on the following understanding that professional education is not just about knowledge and skills to perform tasks, no matter how complex it is much more about so cialization and internalization of the values and codes of profession behavior and practices, both on and off my duty.The professional education takes the lay novice and enables them to be specialists with identity, so that work is not just a job to me by a responsibility.   I also understand that knowledge is gained by acquiring it and should not be static, but used for the benefit of the society.   I will ensure that my knowledge and skills are in tandem with the role I play as a family nurse.Another model of skill acquisition was described by Ham, 1998, Laura & Salentera 2002, in which they pointed out on the range of analytical thinking approaches with a carrying degree of analytical and intuitive thinking. (Neubauer, 1998).This theory of discussion making, the features of the task to be accomplished are thought to determine the degree of intuition and the analyses used by the decision maker.These features of the task are viewed to be outstanding; the complexity of task stru cture (number & redundancy of cases); the ambiguity of task content (availability of organizing principles, familiarity with the task, and possibility of high accuracy); and the form of tasks presentation (task decomposition, signal definition & response time).The model assumes that greater analytical thinking is related to fewer cues and more complex procedures for combining evidence to result in correct answers.The cognitive model would be achieved in my organization capabilities that I pose; my greater task familiarity and my high accuracy will be a greater contributor to my reasoning.I will intend to use my in-depth knowledge on the profession and inborn knowledge for greater analytic thinking.   I will also ensure that I fully understand the task that I would intend to undertake in the hope of making the right decisions.The above theory supports my beliefs that the decision and action that I undertake as a health practitioner should be base on an individual patient need.   This is in addition to involving my patients in decision making which concerns their care thereby promoting healthy lifestyles and self management of health.ConclusionThe advanced practice nursing as we have seen has been consistently characterized as based in holistic persecution , the formation of partnership with patients or pollutions the use of research and theory to guide practice and the use of diverse approaches in health and illness management.And as Banner identified the domains or expert   practice, my Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) would be based on nothing less but even more of the following, having and helping role, monitoring functions of diagnostic and patient monitoring, good and defective management of rapidly changing situations, teaching coaching factors and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regiments; monitoring and ensuring that offer quality health care services and lastly acquire the best organizational and work-role competences.References‘Con sultation paper’ Designed to Realize Our Potential’: a ‘beliefs and action’ statement for nurses, midwives and specialist community public health nurses in Wales for 2007 and beyond. Retrieved on February 22, 2008 from:

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

How do you respond to the presentation of Curley’s wife in ‘Of Mice and Men’? Essay

Curley’s wife is presented as quite an ambiguous character. She is seen in two ways: in one way she is seen as `jail bait’, a `tart’ and `tramp’. In another way she is seen as a victim of a male society, the only female on the farm. Even as a main character in the novel, she remains nameless and only as `Curley’s wife’. This makes her sound like Curley’s property like Curley’s horse or clothes. This is also symbolic of the role of women at the time in which Of Mice and Men was set. Curley’s wife is seen as a very promiscuous woman, but that is only because of the picture you build in your mind from the description of her flirtatious attitudes. Before we even meet Curley’s wife she is degraded by Candy, the `old swamper’. He accuses her of having â€Å"the eye† even though she has been married two weeks: â€Å"You know what I think? †¦ I think Curleys married a tart.† Candy says this becaus e, Curley’s wife gives a few of the other workers â€Å"the eye.† or so he thinks. Curley’s wife enters the bunkhouse; she uses the excuse that she is looking for Curley. She does not seem to want to leave. George tells her that he was here earlier. She still does not leave though, â€Å"she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward.† This demonstrates her flirtatious nature. Curley’s wife backs her story up by saying, â€Å"sometimes he’s in here† looking at her hands as she does so. She finally leaves when George again tells her that Curley isn’t there. â€Å"Nobody can’t blame a person for looking.† Curley’s wife says this almost to protect herself, as if to say, nobody can fault her if she is only looking for her husband. When thinking about or looking at what Curley’s wife is wearing, you would not associate it with every day life on a farm; she is out of place. Does this carry on throughout the story? Is she always out of place? â€Å"She had full rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled cluster s, like sausages. She wore cotton house dress and red mules. On the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers.† The constant reminder of red gives us two ideas: one, red being used as the colour of passion. Yet another sign of Curley’s wife’s flirtatious manner: two, red showing danger. All the signs of red could be a link to the red dress of the girl in Weed, where George and Lennie previously worked. Could there be a link? Curley’s wife recognises that her body and sexuality are her only weapons and she’s using them. In Steinbeck’s words â€Å"she had only one thing to sell and she knew it.† Curley’s wife is portrayed as this `tart’ and `jail bait’ not purely by accident. This portrayal is purely through the author’s actions. The mere fact that she is known only as Curley’s wife is a clear sign of her anonymity. She is given no name or in fact no identity. Is this hatred to women on Steinback’s part, or is he addressing the stereotyp ical attitudes towards women? Curley’s wife like everybody else has dreams. Curley’s wife’s dream is to be a star. Curley’s wife was asked to go on a show when she was younger, but her mother wouldn’t let her. Curley’s wife remembers a man in the â€Å"pitchers.† Said he’d write to her about becoming an actress and being in the movies. Curley’s wife says that her mother stole the letter when it came, to stop her from reaching her dream, when it really didn’t come at all. â€Å"Well I wasn’t gonna stay no place where I couldn’t get nowhere or make something of myself†¦ so I married Curley† this gives a strong impression that she married Curley purely out of spite, toward her mother. She goes on to say that â€Å"I don’ like Curley† this confirms the fact that she married him out of spite. Like the rest of the dreams in of Mice and Men hers so far has failed. â€Å"I coulda made somethin of myself†¦ maybe I will yet.† But Curley’s wife is still holding on to a faint glimmer of hope. This may explain Curley’s wife’s behaviour on the ranch; she may see it as a stage and the workers as her audience. In chapter four our attitudes towards Curley’s wife change dramatically throughout. In the beginning a feeling of sympathy and loneliness is aroused, because of her failed dreams and the way her husband treats her or rather doesn’t treat her â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went?† Curley and the other ranch workers are spending their evening in a brothel. Toward the end a feeling of hatred or dislike is built up, beginning with her flirtatious manner to Lennie, ending with her racial abuse and threats towards Crooks: â€Å"I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny.† This is another sign of the society at that time. Curley’s wife mocks the dream of George, Lennie and Candy, saying that they almost had better things to spend their money on: â€Å"Baloney†¦ I seen too many you guys. If you had two cents in the worl’ why you’d be getting two shots of corn†¦ And sucking the bottom of the glass.† This is a clear sign, to the reader, of her naivetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Here she is mocking others dreams, when not so long ago her dream shattered around her. Curley’s wife’s death can be looked upon in many different ways. From the way the other characters are seen to respond, it is as if they are the victims of the death and not her. The way in which the author describes the body is the opposite: â€Å"She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young.† This would suggest an innocent frame of mind, as if her death had transformed her. To someone or something better. Even though Curley’s wife is dead, she is still subject to blame. Candy is one of those who feel this way, talking to the lifeless body â€Å"You done it, di’n’t you? I s’pose you’re glad. Everybody knowed you’d mess things up. You wasn’t no good. You aint no good now, you lousy tart.† When the `guys’ find out about her death, I don’t think that Curley seems to realise that his wife is dead. He doesn’t stop to mourn at all, or hold her one last time, as any self-respecting man would do. He is only interested in one thing, revenge. In conclusion Curley’s wife is seen as an ambiguous character. Her moods and mannerisms change throughout the novel. She is presented, as somebody that no one likes not even her own husband. I think this is character is very misunderstood and if anyone was to take the time to get to know her a little better I’m sure Curley’s wife could be a very `nice’ person.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Рitlers youth Essays

Ð  itlers youth Essays Ð  itlers youth Essay Ð  itlers youth Essay Hitler youth was formed In 1920 by Hitler. One of the main youngster movements and it helped Hitler to grow extremely fast and to grow his power. Hitlers youth was just like a school and it was extremely important and mostly everybody had to attend to it. Hitlers youth did millions of group activities so it could train team work. Boys joined Hitlers youth at the age of 10. Many kids found it very fascinating and they thought of it like It was a lot of fun especially when they got to go out for all of those long walks, even though it damaged their feet. They loved training shooting. All of this was done to practice for the army and to make kids like army from very early age. it made all the boys who joined it very healthy and fit. The Hitler Youth grew from a small group from a handful boys to one of the most important youth groups in Europe. No other group so comprehensively succeeded in their settled point. They were the ones to toughen the young of Germany and to prepare them for war. Actually to make it all work even better they had more than 1 school for boys and the difference was only in ages: one of them was for boys from 10 to 13 years old and it was named Deutsches Jugenvolk, and the other one, Hitler Jugend, was for boys from 13 to 18 years old. Boys have also done team activities like bayonet drill, grenade throwing, trenching digging, outside cooking and reading maps what was extremely useful and trained boys morally and intellectually. By doing all of that, boys were well prepared for the strong army of loyal supporters that would simply help Hitler to achieve his foreign policy aims by obeying all his orders. Of course the girls who joined the Hitlers youth had absolutely different teamwork experience. Girls who were aged form 10 to 14 years old joined Jungmadelbund and girl who were older than 14 years old were transferred to Bund Deutscher Madel. They were training how to be great mothers and housewives. Girls as boys also had to complete the 8 month of farm service called Landjahr. Girls were told they had to make babies and look after their husbands, but they were not allowed to do any hard jobs and to work. Hitler wanted to get the German population to grow to one of the biggest so that he could take the space that Russia owned and so that he could destroy Versailles. Hitlers youth was a strict organisation that controlled the discipline of children and that helped Germany to grow its population. It also taught boys that the most important thing was is loyalty and obedience and that Hitler was the greatest person in this world and that he should be worshiped as God him self. This was another reason to persuade the youth into obeying anything Hitler said and that he was more important then the parents. To accomplish all of that, kids faced a grand deal of propaganda to make them into loyal citizens. Citizens also had compulsory activities to attend to like singing songs, camping were created to straighten Nationalism and to warship Hitler and the Nazis.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Essay on Applied Project ManagementEssay Writing Service

Essay on Applied Project ManagementEssay Writing Service Essay on Applied Project Management Essay on Applied Project ManagementApplied Project ManagementAssignment 1The project focuses on the development of the new sport nutrition brand and the introduction of the sport nutrition line oriented on athletes practicing diverse sports. The point of the introduction of the new sport nutrition is to introduce the universal sport nutrition to reach the broader customer group compared to traditional sport nutrition products oriented on the specific customer group depending on their particular sport.The project is located in the New York City, New York, US. The choice of the location is determined by the proximity of the major sport arenas, the high popularity of sports, and the large number of people, who practice sport professionally as well as amateurs, who practice sport on the regular basis and may need sport nutrition.The owner and sponsor of the new sport nutrition brand will be a renowned sportsman, who may also promote the new brand and help to draw the attention of many sp ortspersons to the new brand. The celebrity endorsement will help to popularize the new sport nutrition not only among professional sportspersons but also among amateurs.The name of the project manager is John Smith.The general picture of the project’s outcome functioning involves the development of the mass production of the sport nutrition for professional sportspersons and amateurs. The project aims at taking its share in the New York City market but, in a long-run perspective, the success of the project may contribute to the further implementation of the project in other large cities of the US.The vision or dream of the project’s outcome functioning involves the creation of the renowned and popular brand that will attract customers from the US with a possibility of entering international markets. However, the vision of the project implies bringing healthy and effective sport nutrition to help sportspersons to stay healthy and keep progressing in their professional (sport) development without taking drugs or banned substances.The phase of the project is the development one since the project is in the course of its development. To put it more precisely, the project is at the phase of the planning and design, since the vision of the project has been already shaped and its purposes and the general framework of the implementation of the project is relatively clear. The current plan focuses on the scope, time, cost and risks associated with the current project.The client’s representatives is the major sponsor of the project, the sportsman, who will also participate in the project. Alternatively, he may recommend a representative of a sport organization or public representative, who works with sportspersons and sport organizations. These representatives may participate in the project to ensure the quality and safety of the new sport nutrition since they will have the right and opportunity to monitor results of the tests and FDA’s contr ol of the new sport nutrition. In addition, they may be even involved in the development of the project helping to identify key features that clients are looking in sport nutrition.There are several groups of the stakeholders involved in or affected by the project. First, owners of the new business are among the key stakeholders because their investments and reputation are at stake along with their future in the business and their further professional and business development. Second, professionals involved in the development and production of sport nutrition comprise another group of stakeholders. They are concerned with the overall success of the project because their further employment depends on whether the project is successful or not. In addition, there are customers, who comprise another important group of stakeholders because customers will consume sport nutrition and their response will be very important for the ultimate success or failure of the sport nutrition. On the oth er hand, customers will benefit, if the project is successful, because they will receive the high quality sport nutrition that helps them to maintain a good physical shape and keep progressing in their professional (sport) development. Indirectly, local community members will be also affected by the project and may be viewed as stakeholders. First, local community members will benefit, if the business runs successfully, because the new business will pay taxes and, thus, contribute to the development of the local community. Second, local community members will benefit because the new sport nutrition may help more people to practice sport that will contribute to the overall improvement of the public health in the local community. Finally, if the project succeeds, local community members may be employed that means the creation of new jobs in the local community to manufacture and distribute the new sport nutrition.The purpose of the project is to plan and design the project of the intr oduction of the new sport nutrition developed for the broad customer group and sponsored by a renowned sportsman with the focus on New York market, at the moment, with prospects of the further market expansion nationwide and internationally, in a long-run perspective. The distinct feature of the new product is its universal nature that means that the sport nutrition supplied by the new brand will be useful and available to all customers, regardless of their level of training and their needs. Customers will just choose how much of the product they need to maintain the target physical shape and to rehabilitate after intensive training or sport events.The project will involve planning and designing the project for the introduction of the new brand and its products into the market of the New York City, New York, US. The new brand will create the sport nutrition for individuals practicing sports at the professional as well as amateur level. The distThe context of the project involves the growing popularity of sports in the US, especially in large cities, such as New York. As sport becomes extremely popular in the US, including the target market, New York, the company introducing the new sport nutrition product can benefit from the introduction of the new product because it can count on a potentially large customer group. In fact, the current social, economic, political and technological environment is currently favorable for the introduction of the new product. The current social environment is favorable due to the growing popularity of sports in the target market. As a result, more and more people start practicing sports that means that they will need sport nutrition that will help them to maintain their physical shape and keep progressing in their sport development.The economic environment is also favorable for the development of business. Even though the competition in the sport nutrition industry is tight, the new sport nutrition can take a strong position in t he market due to its universal nature.The political environment is also favorable because both the local and federal government are interested in the growth of business activities that leads to loyal government policies that stimulate companies to develop their business and expand their presence in the US.Essay on Applied Project Management    part 2

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Body Parts as Tools of Measurement

Body Parts as Tools of Measurement Body Parts as Tools of Measurement Body Parts as Tools of Measurement By Maeve Maddox An online writer relating the history of luggage tells how in the old days, holiday makers didnt try to manage with a mere suitcase when they went to the seaside for a week or so. They took the same kind of large trunks they would use if they were going on a long voyage: after all they had to change several times a day and not into dresses that barely covered their private parts but into foot-long petticoats and skirts. Marie-Luise Stromer I dont think that a foot-long petticoat would cover much of a ladys anatomy. The writer was reaching for an expression to convey the fact that in those days, a womans dress extended all the way to her feet. A choice of foot-length may not have been as jarring as foot-long. The reader could probably infer a meaning of extending to the feet. The usual idiom for what the writer intended is floor-length. Ex. She wore a floor-length gown. The expression foot-long, on the other hand, means a foot (12 inches) in length. Ex. They sell foot-long hotdogs here. English possesses several measurement words that derive from body parts. cubit from Latin cubitum, the elbow. A cubit was a measurement based on the forearm from elbow to fingertip. The exact length varied according to whose arm was being used and could be from 18 to 22 inches. digit In Latin, digitus could mean either finger or toe. The same is true of digit in modern English. People use the digits of their hands to count to ten. And just think, we imagine were so modern and up-to-date because we live in a Digital Age. fathom Old English faethm was the length of the outstretched arm, about six feet. Water depth is measured in fathoms. Miners use the term to describe an area equal to six square feet. hairbreadth According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, hairbreadth is said to have once been a formal unit of measure equal to one-forty-eighth of an inch. hand Originally, a hand was a measurement of three inches, but now it is four inches. This measurement is stil used to reckon the height of horses. handful This is an indeterminate quantity of some dry measure, such as grain, that can be held in the cupped hand. A Greek word for handful is the origin of the Greek coin called a drachma. span In Old English a span was the distance between the thumb and little finger of an extended hand, roughly nine inches. Again, it all depended on whose hand. thumb was probably the basis of the measurement now called an inch. We dont measure things in thumbs, anymore, but we do talk about thumbnail sketches and thumbnails in the sense of small images. The expression rule of thumb probably originated with carpenters who used their thumbs to take rough measurements. The notion that the expression originated with a law permitting a husband to beat his wife with a stick no larger in circumference than his thumb, has no historical basis. NOTE: The article that triggered this post is interesting and, considering that the author may be writing English as a second language, extremely well-written. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†List of Greek Words in the English Language50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Saturday, October 19, 2019

The Politics of Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Politics of Education - Assignment Example of education with successful establishment of libraries in some societies, Mann claims that education contributes immensely towards individual’s mental improvement (Massachusetts. Board of Education 95). He relates most countries’ prosperity with education; he believes that education contributes to growth and development of a successful generation. Additionally, Mann believes that education has a significant impact on how governments bestow their leaderships; he believes that education enhances the discharge of regal duties by the government. Mann’s views on education conquer with the current perception of education. This is evidenced by how majority f the people value education in the current societies; most people believe that education gives individuals the platform of expressing themselves. It also boosts the courage of people who value their rights; it enables them question their leaders about the mistakes they make in their daily activities. It is also evident that lots of advancement has taken place in the current societies because of increase in the rate of literacy among people. Additionally, most people are successive and independent today because of exposure and awareness enhanced by education. In what ways were you prepared by your experiences in elementary, middle, and high school for achieving success in college? In what ways did the readings help you understand better how you were educated? The passage of my lifetime through elementary, middle, and high school played a very significant role in my life. It made me value books and develop the urge of advancing my education elsewhere after high school. It is through the association with my colleagues in these academic levels that I garnered courage that enabled me to associate with other students from different backgrounds. Apart from learning that hardworking plays a pivotal role in one’s academic success, my passage through high school also made me have easy time in college; the experience

Friday, October 18, 2019

Knowledge Management Plan for Dell Inc Case Study

Knowledge Management Plan for Dell Inc - Case Study Example Many businesses are rich in information or are able to create sufficient knowledge, but they fail to effectively share it with others or to utilize it for the overall benefits of the organization. Knowledge Management provides a management framework that helps create knowledge, share it with others and use it for the business to achieve its targeted goals (Christensen, 2003, p. 14). This paper is prepared as a report to be submitted to the CEO and management executives of Dell Inc outlining a Knowledge Management plan and useful KM strategies for the company to achieve greater competency in its business landscape. Dell Inc, a very successful fortune 500 company within few years, has recently implemented its ‘customization’ strategy for computer marketing with an objective of ‘collecting more accurate and reliable information from its customers’. This paper recommends a KM plan to Dell Inc to make use of information and knowledge that it gathers from customers to the overall benefits of the company. Knowledge is power. When it comes to a company, it is a powerful asset and critical factor to the business success. Many organizations have found effective knowledge management as an extremely useful management strategy that helps it adapt to the changes and modern requirements due to technological advances and helps gain competitive advantages. The KM is a recent development and new interdisciplinary approach to the Human Resource Management and it involves people, process and technology in an organization. This piece of research work presents a brief explanation of knowledge management and an overview of Dell Inc and it's business strategies to find an effective knowledge management plan for the company to help it gain better business outcomes.